Textile fabric process flow

In the printing and dyeing industry according to different materials, different yarn types, different fabric structure, dyeing and printing requirements, process is not a fixed pattern completely, such as chemical fiber textile printing and dyeing, weaving and dyeing, silk reeling silk weaving dyeing and finishing industry, the difference is quite big, even between them had almost unable to draw lessons from. So, we first understand the spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing these three industries in order to have a simple understanding of the spinning and dyeing industry.

Main process of spinning: clearing cotton, carding cotton, combing, bundling, roving and spinning

Main process of weaving: winding, warping, sizing, warp - through, weaving and finishing

These are the main processes, which vary slightly from company to company, depending on the product and its needs. Take cotton as an example for you to share the conventional process of cotton textile printing and dyeing.

Cotton textile printing and dyeing process:

With grey - sewing - singeing, cold rolling car - boiled bleaching, mercerizing, front back stenter - mixing - printing (flat screen or rotary screen printing), steamer, soaping, finishing stereotypes, preshrinking machine, calender, product packaging

A, singeing

Usually, after the grey cloth into the printing and dyeing factory, the first need to go through the inspection, turning over the cloth, batch, blank (blank: two grey cloth between the front and back, the same face together) and sewing the first steps, and then carry out singing processing.

Singeing: The process of singeing looks amazing. At the scene, you can see the fabric moving rapidly through the high temperature flames, while the cloth slides rapidly on the fierce flames, but does not burn. It is a bit of a state of "not touching one leaf among hundreds of flowers".

This is because the cloth body is relatively tight, the temperature is slow, before rising to the ignition point, that is, has left the flame or red hot metal surface, so as to achieve the purpose of burning down, without damaging the fabric.

Reason: the unsinged cloth has too much wool on the surface, different length, poor finish, easy to stain, in the dyeing and finishing process, easy to drop wool, resulting in printing and dyeing defects.

Meaning:

1. The purpose of singeing is to burn off the villi on the cloth surface, make the cloth surface bright, clean and beautiful, and prevent the existence of villi in dyeing and printing from uneven dyeing and printing defects. Improve the gloss of the cloth, improve the finish;

2. Improve the pilling resistance (especially chemical fiber fabric);

3, improve the style, singeing will make the fabric crisp.

Cold rolling: A process after singeing in which the grey cloth is cooled for more than 20 hours

Ii. Descaling and bleaching

Desizing bleaching, that is, desizing, scouring, bleaching.

Desizing: The pulp on the grey cloth should be removed before scouring. This process is called desizing.

In order to increase the wear-resistance of warp yarns in weaving, the smoothness and antistatic of textile fabric wholesale, improve the strength, improve its weavability, sizing processing should be carried out before weaving. The size on the grey cloth affects the water absorption of the fabric, also affects the quality of dyeing and finishing products, and will increase the consumption of dyeing drugs, so should be removed before scouring, this process is called desizing. Remove it from the fabric.

Scouring: Refining, also known as scouring, is the purpose of removing fiber impurities (natural impurities, artificial impurities), improve the fabric processing properties, especially wettability.

When cotton fibers grow, they are accompanied by natural impurities (pectin, waxy substance, nitrogenous substance, etc.). After desizing, most of the sizing and some of the natural impurities have been removed, but a small amount of sizing and most of the natural impurities remain on the fabric. The existence of these impurities, make the cotton fabric surface more yellow, poor permeability. At the same time, the appearance quality of cotton cloth is greatly affected by the existence of cotton seed shell.

Therefore, the fabric needs to be boiled for a long time in the high temperature concentrated lye to remove the residual impurities

Bleached: the appearance of cotton fabric is not white enough due to the presence of natural pigment on the fiber after scouring. It can be used for dyeing or printing, which will affect the brightness of color.

The purpose of bleaching: to remove pigment and improve whiteness is the main purpose of bleaching.

Third, mercerizing

Mercerization: the surface of cotton woven fabrics treated with concentrated alkali solution presents a silk-like luster, and more importantly, the dimensional stability is improved, that is, the cotton woven fabrics are set.

This process is known as Mercerization or Mercerizing.

Significance of mercerization:

1. Improved dimensional stability and reduced shrinkage rate;

2. Mechanical properties such as fracture strength decrease;

3. Improvement of absorbency;

4. Appearance with silky luster.

Fourth, stenter

Stretching-out is to tighten the warp and weft of the fabric again, so that the width and density of the fabric are the same, and the dimensional stability of the fabric is increased.

5. Mixing and shaping

Jacquard varieties before rolling light through different degrees of sizing, so that the pulp attached to the surface of the fiber, to prevent the cloth door vice shrinkage. Sizing has a softening effect and promotes friction between fibers.

Six, printing

At present, the most widely used printing methods have two, round and flat screen printing. Due to the small tension, not easy to deformation, bright color, color fullness, screen printing defects less cloth, especially suitable for multiple varieties of production. Circular and flat screen printing, from the installation of the need for screen, it is derived from plate printing, is the paper plate, metal plate or chemical engraving hollow-out pattern printing method.

The circular mesh is made of round nickel metal mesh, while the flat mesh is stretched over a metal or wooden rectangular frame. Flat screen printing is divided into manual (platen printing) and mechanical (flat screen printing). Due to different printing methods, the size has a certain allowed range, and flat screen size is 305~1200mm. The circumference of a circular screen printing screen is 640mm 820mm1018mm. The perimeter is a multiple of the pattern's cycle.

The circular mesh is characterized by pattern connection without plate printing.

Flat screen printing of the net is square, so that its circulation is not restricted, flat screen has access to the bit.

In general, the output of rotary screen printing is the largest, generally 3500 yards per hour, depending on the pattern of the difficulty of the speed. Flat screen printing fineness and return size are better than circular screen, but the production efficiency is not as fast as circular screen. In the actual selection, according to the use of fabric, pattern size, fabric and other aspects of weighing the choice of circular network or flat network.

Seven, steaming, soap washing

Evaporating: After textile printing, except for ice dyes and soluble VAT dyes, generally the dyes have to be evaporated.

Objective: To make printed textiles complete the moisture absorption and heating of fiber and color serous film, accelerate the dye reduction and dissolution on the fiber, make the dye diffused into the fiber and fixed on the fiber, and then diffused into the fiber to produce solid color. The conditions of evaporation vary with the properties of dyes and fibers.

Soaping: A very necessary and important process after evaporation. In the process of soaping, through the physical and chemical action between the soaping agent and the dye, and the dispersing, suspending and complexing action of the soaping agent, the soaping agent will no longer stick to the fabric, so as to improve the soaping fastness and prevent the color from touching.

Viii. Pre-shrink finishing

Fabric in the process of printing and dyeing processing, mechanical tension stress in tensile exist, when the fabric is moist internal stress relaxation, will form the shrink effect, so must be in the actual production for fabric mechanical preshrinking, to reduce the shrinkage of cotton fabric, the finished size stability, fabric BuFu and tidy, improve the added value of products.

Nine, calendering treatment

Also known as pressure light. A process of fabric finishing. The physical plasticity of the fiber under high pressure or high temperature is used to flatten or roll out the pattern on the fabric surface to increase the finishing process of the fabric luster. Similar to ironing, the method of surface spreading and ironing can make the fabric have special luster, improve the brightness of the fabric, make the fabric feel good and smooth.

X. Quality inspection of packaging

At this stage the printing and dyeing of cloth pieces will be finished. The inspection rolls up. If the pattern has leakage white, need to repair the flowers manually, packaging shipping.